Hematology is the study of blood and blood diseases. Hematologists and hematopathologists are highly trained medical specialists in the segment of Hematology. They are experts in treating blood and blood-component diseases. Examples include blood and bone marrow cells. Anemia, infection, hemophilia, blood-clotting disorders, and leukemia can be diagnosed with hematological testing. Hematologists are doctors who specialize in this area of medicine. Several new methods are available in hematology to detect irregularities in numbers or dysfunctions. Hematologists are specialists who diagnose and treat both benign and malignant blood diseases. Primary hematopoietic disorders are rare; however, secondary hematologic problems are widespread. As a result, the questioning physician must thoroughly interrogate the patient about all drugs, herbals, folk remedies, jobs, and family history, to mention a few areas that demand an in-depth background.

Malignant and nonmalignant blood diseases are two types of hematological illnesses. Nonmalignant blood diseases include hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, anemias of various forms, and coagulopathies like hemophilia. Apart from thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies are hereditary illnesses characterized by defective hemoglobin structure, resulting in mild to severe anemia and multi-organ dysfunction. Hemophilia and Von Will brand disease are two clotting diseases with hereditary origins that are caused by low amounts of clotting components in the blood. This chapter discusses hematology from both Chinese and Western medical perspectives. The section on integrating theories and sciences discusses the two types of essence, the zang organs involved in blood production and movement in Chinese medicine, blood components, qi types and the significance of the Bohr effect in qi, and genetic blood problems that predispose to cardiovascular disease.

The immune system part comprises the six phases and four levels used in Chinese medicine to describe pathogen penetration through the immune system layers and the levels of pathology that it would produce, as well as the involvement of the lymphatic system, leukocytes, and lymphocyte growth. The laboratory test section contains particular diagnostic tests that may be necessary for the cardiovascular patient. A medical doctor who is a board-certified internist or pediatrician with additional years of hematology study, a hematologist is mostly concerned with direct patient treatment. They detect and treat hematologic disorders. This covers blood and bone marrow malignancies. Blood tests can help in the diagnosis of hematological and non-hematological illnesses and disorders. Infections, anemia, blood-related malignancies, and inflammatory illnesses are all diagnosed using complete blood counts.

Blood disorder classifications

• Platelet abnormalities, excessive clotting, and bleeding issues all have an impact on how your blood clots.
• Anemia occurs when your blood does not transport enough oxygen to the rest of your body.
• Blood cancers, such as leukemia and myeloma
• Eosinophilic diseases are problems with a specific kind of white blood cell.

Tests and diagnosis

• Blood count examinations
• Electrophoresis of hemoglobin
• Blood Examinations
• Karyotype Genetic Analysis
• HP (Haptoglobin) 

Typical blood-clotting diseases

• A mutation in the prothrombin gene.
• Syndrome of antiphospholipid.
• Deficiency in antithrombin.
• Protein S deficiency.
• Protein C deficiency.
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Conclusion: 

Blood problems that are not malignant prevent your blood from functioning properly. It’s possible that your blood won’t produce enough blood clots to stop excessive bleeding. Your risk of blood clots that might result in a heart attack or stroke may increase because of the ease with which your blood clots. These ailments are frequently chronic (long-lasting) and call for lifetime medical attention. Most people with non-cancerous blood diseases live regular lives and enjoy a decent quality of life with the help of therapy.

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